Existentialism, a school of thought that became popular in the 20th century, continues to be a major area of study and dialogue. Key to existential philosophy is the focus on individual autonomy, choice, and responsibility. Major thinkers like Jean-Paul Sartre, Camus, and de Beauvoir have significantly shaped contemporary understanding of human existence, freedom, and the quest for purpose.
Jean-Paul Sartre's concept of "existence precedes essence" highlights the view that persons are not defined by predetermined essences or roles, but are free to shape their identities through actions. This idea questions conventional beliefs and promotes a active stance to living, where each individual must face the weight and freedom of complete liberty. Camus' concept of the "absurd" further explores the tension between human desires for meaning and the indifferent universe, advocating for a life philosophy lived with defiant resilience.
Current conversations on existential philosophy often connect to concerns of psychological well-being, genuineness, and social positions. The {philosophy